Stockholders of public companies use inspection statutes to obtain records before filing a derivative claim, and courts have encouraged the practice.

Proper purpose. Investigating suspected mismanagement or wrongdoing is proper where supported by a credible basis — some evidence from which wrongdoing could be inferred. The threshold is the lowest possible burden of proof and is not nothing.

Scope. Formal board materials — minutes, resolutions, board presentations — where they suffice. Courts order production of officer-level emails and informal communications where the company’s formal records are incomplete or where the board acted informally, which has become a recognized route.

Conditions. Confidentiality orders, and provisions deeming produced documents incorporated by reference into any subsequent complaint.

Speed. Summary proceedings, resolved in months.

Effect on later litigation. Courts expect stockholders to use the tool before filing, and complaints filed without it face a harder path on demand futility.

Company response. A measured production of board materials frequently ends the matter. Refusing entirely, or producing a minimal set, tends to expand the scope ordered and to signal that there is something to find.