Multi-tier dispute resolution clauses require the parties to attempt negotiation and mediation before commencing proceedings. They work when drafted with precision and fail when drafted as aspiration.

Enforceability. Courts and tribunals increasingly treat compliance with a mandatory pre-condition as a genuine requirement, staying or dismissing proceedings brought prematurely. That makes clarity essential in both directions.

Negotiation tier. Identify the individuals by seniority — not by name, since people leave — and state a period after which the tier is exhausted. Require written notice to start the clock.

Mediation tier. Name a provider or a method of appointment, a timetable, and a stated point at which the obligation is satisfied whether or not a mediation has occurred. Without that, an uncooperative party can block the next step indefinitely.

Carve-outs. Applications for urgent injunctive relief, and claims at risk of becoming time-barred, must be excepted or the clause causes real harm.

Limitation periods should be tolled during the tiers, expressly.

Conditions precedent versus covenants. State which the tiers are. If compliance is a condition precedent to arbitration, failure defeats jurisdiction; if it is merely a covenant, breach sounds in damages and the proceedings continue.