A temporary restraining order preserves the status quo until a preliminary injunction motion can be heard. It is the fastest relief available and the most demanding procedurally.

Ex parte issuance requires specific facts in an affidavit or verified complaint showing immediate and irreparable injury will result before the opposing party can be heard, and certification by counsel of the efforts made to give notice and the reasons notice should not be required.

Duration. Limited by rule — commonly fourteen days — extendable once for good cause or with consent. It expires by its terms.

Content. The order must state the reasons for issuance, the terms specifically, and describe in reasonable detail the acts restrained, without reference to the complaint.

Security. A bond is generally required.

The showing. Likelihood of success on the merits, irreparable harm, the balance of harms, and the public interest. Irreparable harm is where most commercial applications fail, because money damages are usually adequate.

Practical preparation. The application, affidavits, exhibits, a proposed order, a memorandum, and a bond ready to post — assembled before approaching the court. Judges hearing emergency applications are assessing preparation as much as merit.